Rooftop solar energy systems convert sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic (PV) panels installed on your roof. Here is a step-by-step look at how the process works.
Solar Panels Capture Sunlight
Solar panels are made up of photovoltaic cells, typically manufactured from silicon. When sunlight strikes these cells, it excites electrons and creates a flow of direct current (DC) electricity. The amount of electricity generated depends on the panel efficiency, size, and the amount of sunlight received.
Inverter Converts DC to AC
The DC electricity produced by solar panels cannot directly power most home appliances. A solar inverter converts this DC power into alternating current (AC), which is the standard form of electricity used in homes and businesses across India.
Powering Your Home
The converted AC electricity flows through your home electrical distribution board and powers your appliances, lights and devices. Your solar system first supplies power to your home, and any excess can be exported to the grid.
Net Metering
With an on-grid solar system and a net meter installed by your electricity distribution company, excess solar energy is exported to the grid. Your meter runs backward during export, effectively giving you credit for the surplus energy. At the end of the billing cycle, you only pay for the net electricity consumed from the grid.
What Happens at Night?
Solar panels only generate electricity during daylight hours. At night, your home draws power from the grid as usual. If you have a hybrid system with battery storage, stored solar energy can power your home during the evening and night hours or during power cuts.
Key Components
A typical rooftop solar system includes solar panels, a mounting structure, an inverter, DC and AC cables, protection devices (ACDB, DCDB), earthing, and a net meter. Each component plays a critical role in system safety and performance.